Rare-earth (RE) elements are crucial in the advancement of high-temperature superconductors, ranging from the well-known RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO) cuprates to the recently discovered highpressure rare-earth polyhydrides. This theoretical study delves into the fundamental challenges

encountered when integrating rare-earth elements into superconducting lattices. We specifically address the inherent antagonism between the local magnetic moments of 4f electrons and the formation of Cooper pairs, the complexities involved in modeling highly correlated electronic states, and the stringent structural stability requirements for high-T_c phases. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and advanced theoretical models, including the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory and Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Hubbard corrections (DFT+U), we pinpoint the critical factors that either limit or enhance superconductivity in these intricate systems. Our findings indicate that while non-magnetic rare-earth elements such as Lanthanum (La) and Yttrium (Y) facilitate the highest transition temperatures (T_c) in hydride systems, the magnetic rare-earth series offers a unique platform for exploring the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity, despite presenting substantial theoretical and experimental hurdles. This paper aims to provide a foundational understanding of these challenges and propose future research directions to overcome them, ultimately contributing to the quest for room-temperature superconductivity..

Abstract:

Deteriorating water quality and environmental health are significantly influenced by soil degradation. The way that pollutants from soil, including pesticides, heavy metals, and plastic trash, seep into water sources and cause widespread water contamination is examined in this research. Human health is at risk, agricultural output is decreased, and the linked impacts jeopardize aquatic habitats. To lessen the ripple effects on water quality and the general health of the ecosystem, this study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable land management and pollution control methods by looking at case studies and scientific evidence. This study will use a qualitative approach to examine the role of soil pollution in worsening water quality and environmental health. Data will be gathered through scientific literature to provide evidence of the connection between soil and water pollution. Thematic analysis will identify key patterns and recommendations for sustainable land management and pollution control.

:Keywords Water ,Qua1ity ,Soil polluticu ,Environmenta1 .Health

This paper presents a comprehensive field-based analysis of the stratigraphic successions and depositional environments in the Jabal Al-Hasawna and Wadi Ash-Shatti regions of southwestern Libya. Based on a detailed seven-day geological field excursion, the study documents a chronological sequence ranging from the Precambrian basement to Quaternary deposits, with a primary focus on the Paleozoic strata. Key formations investigated include the Al-Hasawna (Late Cambrian), Tanazzuft (Silurian), and the Devonian Awaynat Wanin Group (Bir Al-Qasr, Edri, Quttah, Dabdab, Tarut, and Ashkidah formations). The field data reveal a dynamic geological history characterized by significant transgressive-regressive cycles. The transition from the stable cratonic basement to the fluviodeltaic Al-Hasawna Formation is marked by a profound nonconformity. Subsequent Silurian marine transgressions deposited the graptolitic shales of the Tanazzuft Formation. The Devonian successions are notably characterized by coarsening-upward progradational cycles, intense bioturbation (dominated by Skolithos and Tigillites ichnofacies), and the widespread occurrence of ferruginous oolitic sandstones, indicating storm-dominated, shallow marine to restricted lagoonal environments. By integrating lithological, ichnological, and structural field observations across multiple sites, this study provides a unified model of the region's stratigraphic evolution, highlighting the complex interplay between sea-level fluctuations, sediment supply, and tectonic stability.

The global expansion of mobile communication technologies has increased exposure to 

radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‑EMF). Although RF radiation is categorized as 

non‑ionizing, growing experimental evidence suggests that prolonged exposure may influence 

biological systems through oxidative stress mechanisms (Dasdag & Akdag, 2016; Yakymenko 

et al., 2016). This study presents a literature‑based experimental model evaluating potential 

hematological and oxidative responses to chronic RF‑EMF exposure. Modeled data were 

derived from previously published experimental investigations examining mobile phone 

radiation in the 900–1800 MHz frequency range (Wang & Zhang, 2017; Kıvrak et al., 2017). 

Simulated exposure conditions included 6 hours of daily radiation for 60 consecutive days. 

Modeled results indicate reductions in erythrocyte indices and increased leukocyte counts, 

accompanied by elevated lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased 

antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). 

These patterns are consistent with mechanisms previously reported in experimental RF‑EMF 

studies (Zothansiama et al., 2017; Henschenmacher et al., 2022) and support oxidative 

imbalance as a central pathway underlying biological interaction with radiofrequency 

radiation.

:Abstrct

Waterfall ecosystems provide critical provisioning services, including drinking water, irrigation, and ecotourism depends on the physicochemical conditions of the water and the ability of biological regulation. This study aimed to assess water quality at Trisula waterfall and its implications for the sustainability of ecosystem services. Sampling was conducted at three stations (upper river, waterfall point, and lower river) during the dry season. Physicochemical parameters analyzed included discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and organic matter. Benthic macroinvertebrates were also used as bioindicators of ecosystem regulation. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Prati's Implicit Index, and biotic indices. The results showed that water discharge ranged from 0.33-1.22 L s⁻¹. The concentrations of nitrate (6.83-7.63 mg L⁻¹) and orthophosphate (0.23-0.27 mg L⁻¹) were relatively high due to agricultural activities, but still below national quality standards. Biological indicators showed higher diversity and dominance of sensitive taxa at the waterfall location, reflecting better ecosystem regulation capabilities. The Prati Index value (1.56-1.70) indicated that the water quality was considered good, but not yet suitable for direct consumption. Integrated management through nutrient control, riparian restoration, and biological monitoring is necessary to maintain the sustainability of ecosystem services and the tourism value of Trisula Waterfall.

Key words: Ecosystem services / benthic macroinvertebrates / biological regulation / water quality / waterfalls